List set and change standard permissions #

chgrp - change group
Change group ownerships

chmod - change mode
Change modification permissions

chown - change ownership
Change ownerships of users

When we do ls -l we get this:

$ drwxr-xr-x user family 4.0 KB Thu Nov 10 07:31:07 2022 Downloads

Interpretation: Here we see the folder “Downloads” is owned by user “user” which has the read / write permissions to it and the super user “sudo” too which has the admin privelages not to mention. Other than the user their is also a family attribiute next to it which is a group which can be seen having two permissions of reading it and executing it.

Changing the group of the file it belongs to we can use the command chgrp: #

$ chgrp wheel file

Output:

$ drwxr-xr-x user wheel 4.0 KB Thu Nov 10 07:31:07 2022 Downloads

To see which a current user belongs to we can use: #

$ groups

Output:

$ someuser adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin lxd sambashare

Changing owenership of file/directory we use chown: #

$ sudo chown user filename